Stenosis

There are two distinct forms of stenosis (constriction).

The first form is foraminal stenosis, a constriction of the foramen, the opening through which the nerve splits from the spinal cord. This form has symptoms similar to those of a hernia, but they occur mostly later in life. The endoscopic operating procedure (PTED therapy) to enlarge the foramen is the best solution and can likewise be carried out under local anaesthesia on an outpatient basis.

The second form is central spinal stenosis, a constriction of the central spinal canal itself. This constriction is more common, mostly among patients of 50 years or older, and can be caused by prolonged and repetitive heavy strain on the back. This leads to thickening of the vertebral joints, causing the central spinal canal to become narrower. The nerves in that canal then become squeezed. In a number of cases the constriction is congenital, and symptoms will appear only later in life.